【关键词】 生殖器肿瘤,女性 药物疗法 淋巴转移 氟尿嘧啶
The Contrast between Chemotherapy via Pelvic Retroperitoneal Cannulation and
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Gynecological Malignancies Cancers with Lymph
Node Metastases CAO Zeyi, ZHANG Dan, PENG Zhilan, et al. The Second Affiliated
Hospital, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041
【Abstract】 Objective To contrast the pelvic retroperitoneal (RP) chemotherapy with intraperitoneal (IP)
chemotherapy in gynecological malignancies with lymph node metastases.
Methods Fluorouracil (5-FU) was repeatedly injected into thepelvic
retroperitoneal space of 43 patients and the abdominal cavity of 11 patients.
High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the drug
concentration of 5-FU. 5-FU was repeatedly injected into the pelvic
retroperitneal space of 16 patients via cannulation to observe the nodal
5-FU concentration of injected side and the control side.99m Tc-Sb2S3
, Isovist-300 were injected into the pelvic retroperitoneal space of two
groups (each one has 3 patients) respectively via cannulation. Single proton
emission computer tomography (SPECT) and X-Ray film were taken to
observe the allocation of the drugs.Results (1) Pelvic and periaortic nodal
5-FU concentrations of RP were 60~106 and 76~119 times of that
of IP respectively. (2) The nodal 5-FU concentrations on repeated
injection side were 16~20 times of that on control sides of RP. (3) There
was no complications or adverse effect observed. (4) 5-FU was allocated
to the space including the external iliac, internal iliac, obturator, deep
inguinal and common iliac lymph nodes and also up to the periaortic lymph
nodes. Conclusion RP was more effective than IP for the treatment of lymphatic
metastasis of gynecologic cancer.
【Key words】 Genital neoplasms, female Drug therapy Lymphatic metastasis Fluoruracil
妇科恶性肿瘤淋巴系转移率高,由隐匿性淋巴系转移而造成的治疗失败的问题,越来越引起人们的关注[1]。我们曾经报道,通过盆腔腹膜外插管注药,进行淋巴转移的化学治疗(化疗),能显著提高腹膜后淋巴结内药物的浓度,且高浓度维持时间长,更有利于杀灭癌细胞,初步证实腹膜后化疗的途径是安全、有效的[2-4]。本研究进一步比较腹膜后化疗与腹腔化疗,以及重复给药与单次给药之间,腹膜后淋巴结内药物浓度的高低。
资料和方法
一、研究对象
1995年1月至1997年12月,在我科行手术治疗的恶性肿瘤患者62例。其中子宫颈癌17例,子宫内膜癌15例,卵巢癌28例,外阴癌2例。所有患者的诊断均经病理检查证实,在本研究前及过程中未接受其他化疗及放射治疗(放疗)。化疗前血尿常规、肝肾功能、心电图及胸片检查无异常。所有患者在纳入此研究前均签字同意接受该方案的治疗。
二、化疗方法
1.腹膜后化疗:随机选择51例患者行腹膜后化疗(腹膜后化疗组),采用经盆腔腹膜外注药方法[2],选择患者的一侧盆腔进行穿刺插管注药,其中8例为单次注药,注入5氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)500 mg(20 ml 5-FU、10 ml伊索显-300和20 ml生理盐水混合);43例为重复给药,每次注入5-FU 500 mg,隔日1次,共3次。注药后摄X线片检查药物分布范围[2]。
2.腹腔化疗:随机选择11例患者,采用单点穿刺行腹腔化疗(腹腔化疗组)重复给药。自腹腔内注入5-FU 1000 mg和葡萄糖液1000 ml,隔日1次,共3次。
三、观察药物分布
随机选择3例患者,经盆腔腹膜外间隙一侧置管,经导管注入锝-硫化锑(99mTc-Sb2S3)0.3 ml(相当于2.0毫居里)。分别于注药后30、60、120分钟行单光子发射计算机体层(SPECT)摄影术。随机选择3例患者,经盆腔腹膜外间隙注入伊索显-300 15 ml,分别于注药后10、24、48小时行X线摄片。
四、淋巴结病理学检查及5-FU浓度测定
两组患者分别在末次化疗注药后1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24、48、72、96小时,开腹手术(每例患者仅在1个时间点做1次手术),系统切除双侧髂总、髂内外、闭孔和腹股沟深等各组淋巴结,其中58例同时切除腹主动脉旁淋巴结,按文献[2,3]的方法,进行病理检查,并采用高效液相色谱测定法测定淋巴结内5-FU浓度。
五、其他检查
术中探查注药部位有无充血、血肿、水肿、粘连或组织坏死。全身毒副作用采用GOG标准[5],两组患者均于用药前和末次用药后第1、3、6、12、14天检查血、尿常规。
六、统计学分析
采用正态检验、Student t检验、配对资料t检验,比较两组的差别。
结果
一、药物分布范围
经X线摄片可见,注入药物分布的范围与文献报道的结果相同[2,3],重复给药的药物分布范围与首次注药一致。
二、淋巴结内5-FU浓度
腹腔化疗组重复给药(n=11),左、右侧盆腔淋巴结内5-FU浓度比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),见表1。
表1 腹腔化疗组患者左、右侧盆腔淋巴结内5-FU 浓度比较(μg/g)
类别 | 注药后时间(小时) | P值 | |||||
1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | ||
左侧淋巴结 (n=11) | 6.175
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